By Π¨Π°ΡΠ»Π°Ρ Π£ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ , β¦
Π¨Π°ΡΠ»Π°Ρ Π£ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ΅Π΄, ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π½ ΠΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΊ, 2024
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΡΡ, Π±ΡΠ» Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π± Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π², Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΡΡ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ.
Sharlau Winifred, Zeman Zbinek, 2024
Alexander Gelfand, known in socialist circles as Parvus, was a political figure and a shrewd businessman. The scope of his interests and influence is astonishing. Drawing on numerous documents, press publications, archival data, and eyewitness accounts, the authors reconstruct the true picture of Gelfand's life. The research reveals how the secretive Parvus, operating from the shadows, shaped the destinies of empires, while prominent historical figures proved to be less substantial.