By ΠΠ²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠΈΡ Π°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΎΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ².
This textbook delves into the fundamentals of discrete mathematics, with a specific focus on formal logical systems and languages. It covers essential concepts crucial for understanding the structure and methodologies of modern mathematics and computer science. The content is designed for in-depth study of theoretical aspects.