By ΠΠ»Π»Π΅Π½ Π’ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΠ»Π»Π΅Π½ Π’ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, 2014
Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ. Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π II Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ Π½.Ρ. Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π° ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ, Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π» ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² 476 Π³. Π½.Ρ., Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅.
Toni Allen, 2014
The spread of agriculture and animal husbandry across Europe led to the establishment of settled communities. Technological advancements during the Bronze and Iron Ages reshaped social and religious structures, fostering trade and warfare. Rome emerged as the most powerful civilization in ancient Europe, expanding its territories and engaging with various peoples including Etruscans, Greeks, Celts, Germanic tribes, and nomadic groups. By the 2nd century AD, the Roman Empire reached its zenith, controlling much of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The empire's vast growth eventually led to its division; the Western Roman Empire succumbed to invasions and fell in 476 AD, while the Eastern Roman Empire endured for nearly another thousand years.