2020
ΠΠ²Π°Π½Π³Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ IV Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ: Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ°Β» ΠΈ Β«Π‘ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎ Π°Π΄Β». Π ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π₯ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π² Π°Π΄. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π°Π΄Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅Π» ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠ²Ρ, Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π°Π΄ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π₯ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ.
2020
The Gospel of Nicodemus is a unique early Christian apocryphal source from the 4th century, divided into two parts: the Acts of Pilate and the Descent into Hell. It recounts the trial of Jesus Christ before Pilate and his subsequent descent into the underworld. The text describes Jesus shattering the gates of hell and leading all the Old Testament righteous, including Adam and Eve, from hell to paradise. This apocryphon significantly influenced the development of church doctrine regarding Christ's death, descent into hell, and resurrection, as well as the iconography of these events.