By ΠΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎ
Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, 2016, Π‘Π΅ΡΠΈΡ: Π‘ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡ Π€Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ.
Franco Cardini, 2016, Series: The Making of Europe
Franco Cardini, a professor at the University of Florence, examines the centuries-long relationship between Christian Europe and the Islamic world. The book highlights the history of prejudices and misconceptions that fueled conflicts between these civilizations. Concurrently, Cardini emphasizes the significant trade and cultural exchanges that took place. It was through this interaction, encompassing both armed confrontations and peaceful contacts, that Europe began to define its own identity.