By Π―Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π.Π.
Π.Π. Π―Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, 2017
Π Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Ρ XVI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π’ΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π±Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΡΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ.
D.I. Yavornitsky, 2017
By the early 16th century, the Zaporozhian Cossacks had emerged as a significant military force, causing concern among their neighbors. During this era, the Polish government established registered Cossacks, who played a role in conflicts against Turkey and the Muscovite state, and in defending the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from raids. Concurrently, thousands of unregistered Cossacks inhabited the southern Ukrainian steppes, subsisting on warfare, plunder, hunting, and fishing. Their primary income sources were military campaigns against the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire, alongside stipends from Warsaw and Moscow.