By Π£Π°ΠΉΡ Π₯Π΅ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½
Π₯Π΅ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π£Π°ΠΉΡ, 2023
ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π° Π² Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ XIX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ Π° Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΎΡ ΠΠ΅Π³Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π» ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² XIX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ Β«ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²Β», ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π» Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
Hayden White, 2023
This book analyzes the characteristics of historical consciousness and narrative within European historiography and the philosophy of history during the 19th century. It traces a trajectory from resistance against the ironic worldview of the Enlightenment towards a similar ironic perspective on the eve of the 20th century. The classical era of European historical thought, from Hegel to Croce, aimed to establish history as the foundation for a science of humanity and society. This approach sought a consciousness liberated from scientism and pessimism, as well as from the irresponsible faith of early Romanticism. However, the works of prominent 19th-century historians and philosophers ultimately generated numerous conflicting "realisms," each equipped with sufficient theoretical apparatus to claim recognition.