By ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΊ ΠΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈ
ΠΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΊ, 2018
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π° Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ . ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΊ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π° Π½Π΅ Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅.
Gregory Clark, 2018
Gregory Clark's research challenges the common belief in increasing social mobility. The author examines how the status of parents and ancestors influences the fate of subsequent generations, demonstrating that social ladder movement has changed little over eight centuries. Despite policy interventions, social mobility remains low and consistent across different societies. Clark argues this is due to the inheritance of abilities rather than unearned advantages of birth. The book prompts reflection on the implications of our predetermined place in society.