By ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²
ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² (1882-1938) β ΠΈΠΌΡ, Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, β ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² 1906 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π° Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠ» ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ: ΠΎΠ½ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π»Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ: ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π. Π§ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ "ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡ", "ΠΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°", "ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠ°" ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ: ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π» Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π» ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ» ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
Boris Stepanovich Zhitkov (1882-1938), a name forever etched in the annals of Russian literature, was born in Novgorod to a mathematics teacher. His life was a tapestry woven with surprising twists and remarkable discoveries. After graduating from gymnasium, he enrolled at Novorossiysk University, graduating in 1906. His thirst for knowledge and a yearning for new horizons led him to the Saint Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, where he mastered the complex and captivating field of shipbuilding.
Tireless perseverance and unwavering determination enabled Zhitkov to master a multitude of professions: he was a skilled naval officer, a talented shipbuilder, a courageous sailing ship navigator, and a passionate physics teacher. His literary talent emerged quite unexpectedly: at the request of the renowned children's writer K. Chukovsky, Zhitkov wrote down one of his stories. This event proved to be a pivotal moment in his life.
Soon, children's magazines were adorned with his wonderful tales, such as "About the Monkey," "About the Wolf," "The Stray Cat," and many others. All of Boris Zhitkov's stories were distinguished by their exceptional truthfulness: he wrote only about what he had witnessed firsthand or experienced personally, sharing invaluable insights from his numerous adventures with young readers.